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日粮中的胆汁酸补充对半滑舌鳎的肠道健康状况具有益处

Dietary bile acid supplementation reveals beneficial effects on intestinal healthy status of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semiliaevis)

作者：Yangzhen Li, Shengpeng Wang, Yuanri Hu, Jiayu Cheng, Xiangming Cheng, Peng Cheng, Zhongkai Cui.

发布期刊：Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2021 Sep;116:52-60.

本研究旨在评价日粮中胆汁酸对半滑舌鳎肠道健康状态的影响，包括免疫力、抗氧化状况、消化能力、黏膜屏障相关基因表达和微生物群落。制备了3种不同胆汁酸水平的饵料，胆汁酸的添加量分别为：0 mg/kg (CT)、300 mg/kg (胆汁酸1) 和900 mg/kg (胆汁酸2)。每3组个重复，每个重复120尾鱼（10.87 ± 0.32 g）。经过8周的喂养试验，2个添加胆汁酸组的生长参数均显著提高（P < 0.05），与CT组相比，胆汁酸2组的存活率显著提高（P < 0.05）。肠道溶菌酶活性、免疫球蛋白M和补体3的含量，在2个添加胆汁酸组中显著增加（P < 0.05），表明胆汁酸对半滑舌鳎的非特异性免疫反应有增强作用。胆汁酸的添加还通过增加半滑舌鳎体内的抗氧化酶活性和降低丙二醛水平，显著改善了肠道的抗氧化能力。此外，与CT组相比，肠道消化能力显著增强，胆汁酸2组脂肪酶活性显著增加（P < 0.05），胆汁酸1和2组淀粉酶活性显著增加（P < 0.05）。胆汁酸的添加显著上调了肠道黏膜屏障相关基因的相对表达水平（P < 0.05）。此外，饵料中添加胆汁酸，明显重构了肠道微生物群落，减少了一些潜在致病菌的丰度。总之，日粮中补充胆汁酸是改善半滑舌鳎肠道健康状况的有效途径。

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary bile acids (BAs) on intestinal healthy status of tongue sole in terms of immunity, antioxidant status, digestive ability, mucosal barrier-related genes expression and microbiota. Three experimental diets were prepared with BA levels at 0 mg/kg (CT), 300 mg/kg (BA1) and 900 mg/kg (BA2) in a commercial basal diet. Each diet was fed to three replicates with 120 fish (10.87 ± 0.32 g) in each tank. After an 8-week feeding trial, growth parameters were significantly enhanced in both BAs supplementary groups (P < 0.05), and compared with CT group, survival rate in BA2 group was significantly improved (P < 0.05). Intestinal lysozyme activity and contents of immunoglobulin M and complement 3 were significantly increased in both BAs supplementary groups (P < 0.05), suggesting an enhancement effect on the non-specific immune response. BAs inclusion also significantly improved intestinal antioxidant capabilities by increasing antioxidase activities and decreasing malondialdehyde levels. In addition, compared with CT group, intestinal digestive ability was substantially enhanced as indicated by the significantly increased lipase activity in BA2 group (P < 0.05) and significantly increased amylase activity in BA1 and BA2 groups (P < 0.05). Coincidentally, BAs inclusion significantly upregulated the relative expression of intestinal mucosal barrier-related genes (P < 0.05). Further, dietary BAs distinctly remodeled intestinal microbiota by decreased the abundance of some potential pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, dietary BAs supplementation is an effective way to improve the intestinal healthy status of tongue sole.

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