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补充外源胆盐对蛋鸡生产性能及肝脏脂质代谢的影响

Effect of exogenous bile salts supplementation on the performance and hepatic lipid metabolism of aged laying hens

作者：Lijing Sun, Qian Xin, Hongchao Jiao , Xiaojuan Wang , Jingpeng Zhao, Haifang Li, Yunlei Zhou, Aizhi Cao, Jianmin Wang, Hai Lin.

发布期刊：Journal of Animal Science. 2023 Jan 3;101:skad334.

胆汁酸是肝脏分泌的一系列羟基化类固醇，参与日粮脂肪的消化和吸收。本研究探讨了外源添加胆汁酸对蛋鸡生产性能和肝脏脂质代谢的影响。360只50周龄海兰褐母鸡随机分为三组，处理组如下：饲喂基础日粮（对照组），基础日粮中添加 0.1 g/kg和 0.2 g/kg。在 8 周的试验期间测定产蛋性能、鸡蛋质量和血液参数。试验结束时测定肝脂质代谢相关基因的表达量。结果表明，胆汁酸处理对产蛋率、蛋重和料蛋比未见影响（P>0.05）。然而，胆汁酸处理显著降低了蛋鸡的死亡率（P= 0.006）。 胆汁酸处理组在第 4 周显示出对蛋壳质量的短暂负面影响，但在第8周则未见。与对照组相比，胆汁酸处理组在第 8 周的蛋黄颜色极显著增加 (P < 0.0001)。 添加胆汁酸十二指肠指数有增加的趋势（P = 0.053），空肠指数差异极显著（P = 0.007）。与对照组相比，胆汁酸处理组降低了肝脏的脂滴含量（P < 0.0001）和 甘油三酯含量（P = 0.002）。胆汁酸作为日粮补充剂，蛋鸡脂肪酸合成酶活性也相应降低。与对照组相比，0.1 g/kg胆汁酸处理组的法尼醇X受体（FXR）基因（P = 0.042）、细胞色素P450家族7亚家族A成员1（CYP7A1）基因（P = 0.002）的mRNA转录显著增加（P < 0.05）、细胞色素 P450 家族 8 亚家族 B 成员 1 (CYP8B1) (P = 0.017)、脂肪酸合酶 (FAS) (P = 0.020)、乙酰辅酶 A 羧化酶 (ACC) (P = 0.032)、甾醇调节元件结合蛋白-1c (SREBP-1c) (P = 0.037)、增殖物激活受体 γ (PPARγ) (P = 0.002)、载脂蛋白 B (APO-B) (P = 0.020) 和极低密度脂蛋白受体 (VLDLR)（P = 0.024）的表达也显著增加。总之，添加外源胆汁酸可以减少肝脏中脂质积累，可降低母鸡的死淘率并改善蛋黄颜色，且对产蛋性能无不利影响。结果表明，胆汁酸的处理抑制了脂肪酸合酶的活性，从而减少肝脏脂质积累。

Bile acids (BA), a series of hydroxylated steroids secreted by the liver, are involved in the digestion and absorption of dietary fats. In the present study, the effect of exogenous BAs on the performance and liver lipid metabolism of laying hens was investigated. Three hundred and sixty 50-wk-old Hy-line Brown hens were randomly allocated into three groups and subjected to one of the following treatments: fed with the basal diet (control, Con), the basal diet supplemented with 0.1 g/kg (0.1 g/kg BAs), or 0.2 g/kg (0.2 g/kg BAs) porcine BAs. Laying performance, egg quality, and blood parameters were measured during the 8-wk experimental period. The expression of genes related to hepatic lipid metabolism was determined at the end of experiment. The results showed that BAs treatments had no influence (P > 0.05) on laying rate, egg weight, and feed efficiency. BAs treatment, however, significantly decreased mortality of hens (P = 0.006). BAs treatment showed a transient negative influence on eggshell quality at week 4 but not at week 8. The yolk color on week 8 was increased by BAs treatments (P < 0.0001) compared to control. The duodenum index showed a tendency to be increased (P = 0.053) and jejunum index were increased (P = 0.007) by BAs treatment. Compared to control, BAs treatments decreased lipid droplet content (P < 0.0001) and TG content (P = 0.002) of liver. Fatty acid synthase activity was also decreased as an effect of BAs dietary supplementation. Compared to the control group, 0.1 g/kg BAs treatment increased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of genes Farnesoid X receptor (FXR) (P = 0.042), cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1) (P = 0.002), and cytochrome P450 family 8 subfamily B member 1 (CYP8B1) (P = 0.017), fatty acid synthase (FAS) (P = 0.020), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) (P = 0.032), sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) (P = 0.037), proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) (P = 0.002), apolipoprotein B (APO-B) (P = 0.020), and very low density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) (P = 0.024). In conclusion, the addition of exogenous BAs reduces lipid accumulation in liver. BA supplementation reduces the mortality of hens and improves egg yolk color, with no unfavorable effect on laying performance. The result suggests that suppressed FAS activity is involved in the reduced hepatic lipid accumulation by BAs treatment.

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