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胆汁酸对凡纳滨对虾的生长性能、脂质代谢、非特异性免疫和肠道微生物群的影响

Effects of bile acids on the growth performance, lipid metabolism, non‐specific immunity and intestinal microbiota of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

作者：Chen Su, Xintian Liu, Jinbao Li, Mengyu Zhang, Luqing Pan, Yusong Lu, Yuxuan Wang, Yanjun Ding.

发布期刊：Aquaculture Nutrition,2021.Volume27, Issue6,December 2021,Pages 2029-2041.

本研究探讨了日粮中添加胆汁酸对凡纳滨对虾的生长性能、脂质代谢、非特异性免疫和肠道微生物群的影响。制备了5种饵料，分别含有0、0.1、0.2、0.3和0.5 g/kg（对照组、胆汁酸1-4组）的胆汁酸。将体重1.09 ± 0.04 g的对虾随机分为5组，每组3个重复，每个重复60尾虾，试验期60天。结果表明，胆汁酸2组对虾的最终体重和体重增加量最高。随着胆汁酸水平的增加，对虾体内三酰甘油含量显著降低（p < 0.05）。在胆汁酸2-4组中，对虾的高密度脂蛋白、谷胱甘肽、总抗氧化能力以及蛋白酶、脂肪酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性显著增加（p < 0.05）。此外，胆汁酸通过NF-κB介导的信号通路增强对虾的免疫响应，而0.5 g/kg的胆汁酸可能会对对虾造成氧化损伤。高通量测序分析显示，胆汁酸显著改变了肠道微生物群的多样性和丰富度，并且在胆汁酸2和4组中强烈激活了与代谢和胆汁酸生物转化相关的功能基因。综上所述，建议将对虾日粮中胆汁酸的添加水平确定为0.2 g/kg。

Effects of dietary bile acids on the growth performance, lipid metabolism, non-specific immunity and intestinal microbiota of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) were studied. Five diets were formulated to contain 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.5 g kg⁻¹ (control, BA1, BA2, BA3 and BA4) of bile acids, respectively. Shrimp (1.09 ± 0.04 g) were assigned randomly to 15 tanks (400 L, three tanks in each group, 60 shrimp in each tank) for 60 days. Results indicated that BA2 group had the highest final weight and weight gain. The contents of triglyceride decreased significantly with increasing bile acids level (p < .05). The contents of high-density lipoprotein and glutathione, total antioxidant capacity as well as protease, lipase and superoxide dismutase activities in BA2-4 groups increased significantly (p < .05). Additionally, bile acids enhance the immune response of shrimp through NF-κB-mediated signalling pathway and 0.5g kg⁻¹ bile acids could cause oxidative damage to shrimp. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the intestinal microbiota diversity and richness were significantly altered by bile acids, and functional genes associated with metabolism and bile acids biotransformation were strongly activated in BA2 and BA4 groups. Together, we recommend the shrimp diet supplemented with bile acids at the level of 0.2 g kg⁻¹.

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