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猪源胆汁酸在蛋鸡低脂日粮中促进脂肪和维生素A利用的研究

Porcine bile acids promote the utilization of fat and vitamin A under low-fat diets

作者：Bowen Yang, Shimeng Huang, Ning Yang, Aizhi Cao, Lihong Zhao, Jianyun Zhang, Guoxian Zhao and Qiugang Ma.

发布期刊：Frontiers in nutrition. 2022 Sep 28;9:1005195.

在脂溶性维生素的供应充足的情况下，由于日粮中脂肪含量较低，可能导致脂溶性维生素的吸收不足。胆汁酸是一种乳化剂，可以促进高脂日粮中的脂肪吸收。然而，目前尚无直接证据表明，外源胆汁酸可在体外和体内促进脂溶性维生素的吸收。因此，选择使用低脂日粮的产蛋鸡作为试验动物开展胆汁酸促进脂溶性维生素的吸收的研究。在体外，研究了胆汁酸的乳化、模拟肠道消化和脂溶性维生素的释放速率。随后，选择450羽45周龄产蛋鸡进行为期84天的饲喂试验。试验分为5个处理组，分别在日粮中添加0、30、60、90和120 mg/kg胆汁酸。基础日粮中未额外添加脂肪（粗脂肪含量为3.23%）。在体外试验中，胆汁酸有效地乳化了水-油界面。此外，胆汁酸促进了脂肪酶对脂肪的水解，释放了更多的脂肪酸。胆汁酸增加了维生素A、D和E从植物油中的释放率，其中对维生素A尤为显著。添加60 mg/kg胆汁酸的日粮，明显改善了产蛋性能。添加30和60 mg/kg胆汁酸的组，卵巢中的卵泡总数增加。添加胆汁酸组对粗脂肪和总能量利用率均有改善。添加60、90和120 mg/kg胆汁酸的组，小肠中脂肪酶和脂蛋白脂酶活性增强。此外，添加60、90和120 mg/kg胆汁酸组，产蛋鸡的肝脏和血清中维生素A含量增加。添加90和120 mg/kg胆汁酸组，血清IgA含量显著改善。添加胆汁酸组还观察到血清丙二醛水平的降低和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性的增加。本研究得出结论，即使在低脂肪日粮中，胆汁酸也可通过促进脂肪吸收来促进维生素A的吸收，从而改善模型动物的繁殖和健康状况。

Fat-soluble vitamin malabsorption may occur due to low dietary fat content, even in the presence of an adequate supply of fat-soluble vitamins. Bile acids (BAs) have been confirmed as emulsifiers to promote fat absorption in high-fat diets. However, there are no direct evidence of exogenous BAs promoting the utilization of fat-soluble vitamins associated with fat absorption in vitro and in vivo. Therefore, we chose laying hens as model animals, as their diet usually does not contain much fat, to expand the study of BAs. BAs were investigated in vitro for emulsification, simulated intestinal digestion, and release rate of fat-soluble vitamins. Subsequently, a total of 450 healthy 45-week-old Hy-Line Gray laying hens were chosen for an 84-day feeding trial. They were divided into five treatments, feeding diets supplemented with 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 mg/kg BAs, respectively. No extra fat was added to the basic diet (crude fat was 3.23%). In vitro, BAs effectively emulsified the water-oil interface. Moreover, BAs promoted the hydrolysis of fat by lipase to release more fatty acids. Although BAs increased the release rates of vitamins A, D, and E from vegetable oils, BAs improved for the digestion of vitamin A more effectively. Dietary supplementation of 60 mg/kg BAs in laying hens markedly improved the laying performance. The total number of follicles in ovaries increased in 30 and 60 mg/kg BAs groups. Both the crude fat and total energy utilization rates of BAs groups were improved. Lipase and lipoprotein lipase activities were enhanced in the small intestine in 60, 90, and 120 mg/kg BAs groups. Furthermore, we observed an increase in vitamin A content in the liver and serum of laying hens in the 60, 90, and 120 mg/kg BAs groups. The serum IgA content in the 90 and 120 mg/kg BAs groups was significantly improved. A decrease in serum malondialdehyde levels and an increase in glutathione peroxidase activity were also observed in BAs groups. The present study concluded that BAs promoted the absorption of vitamin A by promoting the absorption of fat even under low-fat diets, thereupon improving the reproduction and health of model animals.

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