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外源性胆汁酸可调节高脂日粮中鲤鱼的葡萄糖、脂质代谢和微生物群落

Dietary bile acid supplementation could regulate the glucose, lipid metabolism, and microbiota of common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) fed with a high-lipid diet

作者：Liping Yang,Mingyu Liu,Mengjuan Zhao,Shaoyang Zhi,Wenlei Zhang,Leya Qu,Jinrui Xiong,Xiao Yan, Chaobin Qin,Guoxing Nie,Shengpeng Wang.

发布期刊：Aquaculture Nutrition. 2023 May 24;2023:9953927.

本研究探究高脂日粮以及补充胆汁酸后，对鲤鱼糖和脂质代谢、肠道菌群和生长的调节作用。3种不同饵料用于饲喂鲤鱼（6.34 ± 0.07 g），分别是：对照组（5.4%脂肪）、高脂饵料组（11%脂肪）和添加60 mg/kg胆汁酸的高脂饵料组（11%脂肪），试验周期为56天。结果显示，高脂日粮导致鲤鱼生长性能不佳，血清和肝脏中三酰甘油含量增加，添加胆汁酸则显著减轻了高脂日粮的不良影响。mRNA分析结果表明，胆汁酸可能通过增强过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体（PPARa）来改善脂质代谢。糖异生相关的磷酸烯酸羧激酶（PEPCK）mRNA表达被抑制，而成纤维细胞生长因子19（FGF19）显著增加。胆汁酸重塑了肠道微生物群落，增加了拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）的水平。宏基因组分析表明，鲤鱼肠道中的Patescibacteria, Dependentiae, Myxococcota和Planctomycetota属的微生物可能参与鲤鱼体内的葡萄糖和脂质代谢。上述结果表明，胆汁酸可以改善高脂日粮对鲤鱼的负面影响。

This study sought to examine the role of bile acids in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, intestinal flora, and growth in high-fat diet-fed common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Fish (6.34 ± 0.07 g) were fed for 56 days with three different diets, the control diet (CO, 5.4% lipid), high-fat diet (HF, 11% lipid), and high-fat diet with 60 mg/kg bile acids (BAs, 11% lipid). The results showed that high-fat diets resulted in poor growth performance and increased triglyceride (TG) in serum and the liver. The addition of bile acids significantly alleviated the adverse effects of a high-fat diet. The mRNA expression results indicated that bile acids may improve lipid metabolism through the enhancement of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARa). The expression of gluconeogenesis-related phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA was inhibited, while fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) was significantly higher. Bile acids reshaped the intestinal microflora community, with the level of Bacteroidetes increasing. The correlation analysis indicated that Patescibacteria, Dependentiae, Myxococcota, and Planctomycetota in the gut are associated with genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism. These results indicated that bile acids could ameliorate the negative effects of high-fat diets on common carp.

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