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日粮中补充胆汁酸对豹斑石斑鱼幼鱼的生长性能、饵料系数、肠道消化酶活性和脂肪酸转运蛋白基因表达的影响

Effect of dietary bile acids supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization, intestinal digestive enzyme activity and fatty acid transporters gene expression in juvenile leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus)

作者：Gao, Yujie, Yifan Yao, Jie Huang, Yuejia Sun, Qingjun Wu, Ding-Qian Guo and Shengpeng Wang.

发布期刊：Frontiers in Marine Science (2023).

该研究旨在评估日粮中添加胆汁酸对豹斑石斑鱼幼鱼生长性能、饵料系数、胴体组成、消化酶活性和相关基因表达的影响。制备了5种不同水平的胆汁酸日粮（胆汁酸的含量分别为：0、0.15%、0.3%、0.45%和0.6%），每组饵料设3个重复，每个重复15尾（平均重量为13.14 ± 0.14 g），试验为期10周。结果显示，添加0.3%胆汁酸组能显著提高豹斑石斑鱼幼鱼的体增重和特定生长率（P< 0.05），显著改善了饵料系数（P< 0.05）。与对照组相比，胆汁酸添加组的摄食量有增加趋势，且0.3%组的下丘脑神经肽Y（NPY）基因表达显著上调（P < 0.05），鱼体脂肪沉积显著减少（P < 0.05），肠道胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性显著增加（P< 0.05），进而改善饵料系数，肝体比和脏体比也较低。此外，所有添加胆汁酸组的肠道脂肪酸结合蛋白2（FABP2）的相对表达水平显著上调，表明脂肪酸转运增强（P< 0.05）。相反，胆固醇转运基因NPC1样胞内胆固醇转运蛋白1（NPC1L1）和CD36的表达明显下调（P < 0.05）。该研究为豹斑石斑鱼幼鱼日粮配制提供了有价值的依据，表明日粮中添加胆汁酸有助于豹斑石斑鱼生长性能和饵料系数的改善。

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dietary bile acids on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, digestive enzyme activity, and related gene expression in juvenile leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus). Five diets with varying levels of dietary bile acids (0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.45 and 0.6%) were formulated and each diet was fed to triplicate groups of 15 fish (13.14 ± 0.14 g) for ten weeks. Results showed that the significant enhancement in weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was observed in fish fed 0.3% bile acids (P < 0.05). Additionally, feed conversion ratio (FCR) was significantly improved with bile acids inclusion (P < 0.05). Higher feed intake was also recorded in bile acids inclusion groups, and significantly up-regulated gene expression of hypothalamus neuropeptide Y (NPY) was found in 0.3% group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Dietary bile acids (0.3%) significantly decreased lipid deposition in the whole-body (P < 0.05), and lower hepatosomatic index (HSI) and viscerosomatic index (VSI) were also found in this group. Moreover, intestinal trypsin and lipase activities were significantly increased in 0.3% group (P < 0.05) to promote feed digestion. In addition, the relative expression levels of intestinal fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) significantly up-regulated with inclusion of dietary bile acids, suggesting an enhancement of fatty acid transport (P < 0.05). In contrast, cholesterol transport related genes NPC1 like intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1L1) and CD36 were notably down-regulated as bile acids inclusion (P < 0.05). This study provides valuable information for the formulation of diets for juvenile coral trout and indicates that dietary bile acids could potentially be used to improve growth performance and feed utilization.

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