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脂肪类型和外源性胆汁酸对肉鸡生长性能、营养消化率、脂质代谢和胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响

Effects of fat type and exogenous bile acids on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism and breast muscle fatty acid composition in broiler chickens

作者：Shixia Geng, Yuxin Zhang, Aizhi Cao, Ying Liu, Yuting Di, Juntao Li, Qianqian Lou, Liying Zhang.

发布期刊：Animals (Basel). 2022 May 13;12(10):1258.

本研究旨在探讨脂肪类型和外源性胆汁酸对肉鸡生长性能、营养消化率、脂质代谢和胸肌脂肪酸组成的影响。选取432羽1日龄的雄性肉鸡，随机分配，采用2 × 2因子设计，包括2个脂肪水平（豆油和猪油）和2个胆汁酸水平（0和80 mg/kg），试验分为4个处理，每个处理有6个重复，每个重复18只。与豆油组相比，添加猪油的日粮提高了42日龄肉鸡的粗脂肪消化率和胸肌率，并提高了21日龄血肉鸡清甘油三酯水平，降低了血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性（p < 0.05）。相比于豆油日粮，添加猪油时胸肌中饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸以及n-6/n-3多不饱和脂肪酸比有所增加（p < 0.05）。日粮中添加胆汁酸提高了0-21和0-42日龄肉鸡的日增重，并显著降低了料重比（p < 0.05）。胆汁酸还提高了日粮中粗脂肪的消化率和42日龄肉鸡胸肌率（p < 0.05）。血清总胆固醇含量、42日龄腹脂率以及21日龄丙氨酸氨基转移酶活性在添加胆汁酸时显著降低（p < 0.05）。添加胆汁酸后胸肌中总脂肪酸、饱和脂肪酸和单不饱和脂肪酸的浓度也有所降低。上述结果表明，日粮中添加胆汁酸可提高肉鸡生长性能和营养物质消化率，改善脂质代谢，提高了胴体品质，且在饲喂猪油日粮时，胆汁酸对营养物质消化率和胴体品质的影响更为显著。

The current study aimed to explore the effects of fat type and exogenous bile acids (BAs) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism, and breast muscle fatty acids composition in broiler chickens. A total of 432 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were stochastically distributed to a 2 × 2 factorial design comprised of two fat types (soybean oil and lard) and two levels of BAs (0 and 80 mg/kg) included in diets, totaling 4 treatments of 6 replicate pens with 18 chicks per replicate pen. Compared with treatments with soybean oil, dietary inclusion of lard increased the digestibility of ether extract (EE) in diets and the percentage of breast muscle on d 42, and increased the level of serum triglycerides and decreased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity on d 21 (p < 0.05). The level of saturated fatty acids, monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), and the n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids ratio in breast muscle were also increased (p < 0.05) when feeding lard versus soybean oil. Dietary supplementation with BAs elevated average daily gain and reduced the ratio of feed to gain at d 0−21 and 0−42, significantly (p < 0.05). The digestibility of EE in diets and the percentage of breast muscle on d 42 were also increased by BAs (p < 0.05). Serum total cholesterol content as well as the percentage of abdominal fat on d 42, and ALT activity on d 21 were decreased when BAs were fed (p < 0.05). The concentration of total fatty acids, saturated fatty acids, and MUFAs of breast muscle were decreased by BAs. These results indicate that BAs can increase growth performance and nutrient digestibility, elevate carcass characteristics, and improve lipid metabolism, and their effects on nutrient digestibility and carcass characteristics were more pronounced in broiler chickens fed diets with lard.

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