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豆油日粮中添加混合胆汁酸对大黄鱼幼鱼生长性能、体成分、消化酶活性、皮色和肉质的影响

Effects of supplemental mixed bile acids on growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activities, skin color, and flesh quality of juvenile large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) in soybean oil based diet

作者：Jinbao Li, Zhen Wang, Xiufei Cao, Jianmin Wang, Ye Gong, Xiuneng Wang, Wencong La.

发布期刊：Frontiers in Marine Science, 2023(10).

目前，用植物油替代鱼油已广泛应用于水产饲料中，但研究表明，这种替代对动物的生长、皮色、风味和肌肉质地有负面影响。通过为期10周的饲养试验，研究日粮中添加混合胆汁酸对大黄鱼幼鱼（初重13.10±0.18 g）生长性能、胴体组分、消化酶活性、皮色和肉质的影响。配制4种等氮和等脂的试验日粮：豆油组、在豆油组的基础上补充300、600和 1200 mg/kg 胆汁酸。将240尾鱼随机分配到12个浮式网箱（1 m×1 m×1.5 m）。每个处理3 个重复，每个重复 20 尾大黄鱼。试验持续10 周，每天投两次（05:30 和 17:30）。结果表明，特定生长率与补充胆汁酸水平呈相关性，在胆汁酸600组达到峰值。同时，胆汁酸600组的饵料系数显著改善（P < 0.05）。随着添加胆汁酸水平的增加，大黄鱼幼鱼背侧和侧线皮肤的红度（a^*）和腹部皮肤的黄度（b^*）呈现显著提高（P < 0.05），并在胆汁酸600组达到峰值。随着添加胆汁酸水平的增加，内聚性和粘性显著线性增加(P < 0.05)。脂肪酶、淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性未观察到显著差异（P > 0.05）。随着补充胆汁酸水平的增加，肌肉n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸的总比例呈线性增加趋势。大黄鱼幼鱼的肌肉甘油三酯含量，随胆汁酸添加量的增加呈线性增加（P < 0.05），当胆汁酸添加量达到600 mg/kg和1200 mg/kg时，与对照组相比表现出显著差异（P < 0.05）。与添加 300 mg/kg 胆汁酸相比，添加 600 mg/kg 胆汁酸的大黄鱼幼鱼酰基辅酶A氧化酶 (aco) 基因表达显著降低。总之，这些结果表明，在豆油基础日粮中添加混合胆汁酸可以在一定程度上改善饵料系数、皮色和肉质。

Now the replacement of fish oil (FO) with vegetable oils (VOs) has been broadly applied in aquatic feed, but studies reported that there were negative effects on growth, skin color, flavor and muscle texture. A 10-week feeding trial was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary mixed bile acids (BA) on growth performance, body composition, digestive enzyme activities, skin color and flesh quality of juvenile large yellow croaker (initial weight, 13.10 ± 0.18 g). Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic experimental diets were formulated and designated as soybean oil (SO), SO supplemented with 300 (BA300), 600 (BA600), and 1200 (BA1200) mg/kg bile acids. Two hundred and forty fish were randomly allocated into 12 floating net cages (1 m × 1 m × 1.5 m) that were located at marine fishing rafts. Each diet was randomly distributed in triplicate (three replicates per treatment, 20 fish per replicate). Fish were hand-fed to apparent satiation twice daily (05:30 and 17:30) for 10 weeks. Results showed that specific growth rate presented quadratic pattern with supplemental bile acids level, peaking at BA600 group. Meanwhile, feed conversion rate of cultured fish was significantly improved in BA600 group (P < 0.05). The redness (a*) of dorsal and lateral line skin and the yellowness (b*) of abdominal skin showed significantly quadratic pattern with the increase of supplemental BA level (P < 0.05), peaking at BA600 group. In terms of dorsal muscle texture, springiness showed a decreasing trend in significantly linear pattern with the increase of supplemental BA level, bottoming at BA600 group. However, cohesiveness and gumminess were significantly linear increased with the increase of supplemental BA level (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in lipase, amylase, and trypsin activities (P > 0.05). Total proportion of muscle n-3LCPUFA showed a linearly increasing trend with the increase of supplemental BA level. Muscle TG content was linearly increased with the increase of supplemental BA level (P < 0.05), and significant differences occurred as compared to fish fed diets with SO when supplemental BA level were reached 600 mg/kg and 1200 mg/kg (P < 0.05). The gene expression of acyl-CoA oxidase (aco) was significantly decreased in fish fed diets supplemented with 600 mg/kg bile acids compared with 300 mg/kg other than those fed diets with SO. In conclusion, these results suggested that mixed bile acids supplemented to SO-based diets could improve feed conversion ratio, skin color and flesh quality to some extent.

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