英国上市公司365

凡纳滨对虾日粮中胆固醇和胆汁酸的相互作用对生长性能、脂质代谢、免疫反应和肠道微生物区系影响，以及胆汁酸在对虾日粮中对胆固醇的节约效应

Interactive effects of dietary cholesterol and bile acids on the growth, lipid metabolism, immune response and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei-Sparing effect of bile acids on cholesterol in shrimp diets

作者：Su Chen, Jinbao Li, Yusong Lu, Yuxuan Wang, Yanjun Ding, Luqing Pan and Mengyu Zhang.

发布期刊：Aquaculture (2022)547: 737412.

胆固醇是对虾的一种昂贵的必需营养物质，而胆汁酸是脊椎动物脂质吸收的乳化剂。本研究旨在探讨日粮中胆固醇和胆汁酸的相互作用，对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、脂质代谢、免疫反应和肠道微生物群的影响，并研究胆汁酸的添加对日粮中胆固醇的节约效应。将平均初始体重为1.27±0.18 g的对虾分为6个处理组，分别饲喂含有3个不同胆固醇水平（0.15%、0.2%和0.3%）和3个不同胆汁酸水平（0%、0.02%和0.03%，作为一个3×3的试验设计）的日粮，共饲喂56天。对虾的生长性能随着日粮中胆固醇和胆汁酸水平的增加而显著增加（P < 0.05），胆汁酸能够在对虾日粮中发挥胆固醇节约效应。胆固醇和胆汁酸显著影响了血清生化指标（总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇），并增加了对虾的肝胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性（P < 0.05）。在肝胰脂肪酶活性、血清中的高密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量方面，日粮中胆固醇和胆汁酸之间存在相互作用（P < 0.05）。胆汁酸添加组显著增强了对虾肝胰的抗氧化能力（总抗氧化能力、超氧化物歧化酶活性和谷胱甘肽含量）（P < 0.05）。免疫检测结果显示，在各胆固醇水平下，与不添加胆汁酸的对虾相比，0.3%胆汁酸组可以促进血浆的抗菌活性和肠道免疫相关基因（Imd和Relish）的表达。高通量测序分析发现，随着日粮中胆固醇和胆汁酸水平的增加，细菌多样性和丰度、拟杆菌门丰度以及与脂质代谢相关的功能基因丰度均增加。

Cholesterol (CHO) is an expensive essential nutrient for shrimp and bile acids (BA) are emulsifiers responsible for lipid absorption in vertebrates. This study was carried out to investigate the interactive effects of dietary CHO and BA on the growth performance, lipid metabolism, immune response and intestinal microbiota of Litopenaeus vannamei and explore the sparing effect of BA on CHO in shrimp diets. Shrimp with average initial weight of 1.27 ± 0.18 g were fed with diets containing three levels of CHO (0.15, 0.2 and 0.3% of diet) with three levels of bile acid (0, 0.02 and 0.03% of diet, as a 3 × 3 experimental design) for 56 days. The growth performance of L. vannamei increased significantly (P < 0.05) with increasing dietary CHO and BA levels, and BA could exert CHO-sparing effects in shrimp diets. Both dietary CHO and BA significantly affected serum biochemical indexes (total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and increased hepatopancreatic protease and lipase activities in L. vannamei (P < 0.05). The interaction between dietary CHO and BA was observed for lipase activity in hepatopancreas as well as high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol contents in serum (P < 0.05). Only BA supplementation significantly enhanced the antioxidant capacity (total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase activity and glutathione content) of hepatopancreas in L. vannamei (P < 0.05). The immune assay showed that at each CHO level, dietary 0.3% BA could promote antibacterial activity in plasma and the expression of immune-related genes (Imd and Relish) in intestine compared with L. vannamei without BA supplementation. High-throughput sequencing analysis revealed that the bacterial diversity and richness, the abundances of Bacteroidetes and functional genes associated with lipid metabolism all increased with increasing dietary CHO and BA levels.

获取原文