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在肉鸡长期热应激期间，胆汁酸对生长性能和脂质代谢的影响

Effects of bile acids on growth performance and lipid metabolism during chronic heat stress in broiler chickens

作者：Chang Yin,Shanlong Tang,Lei Liu,Aizhi Cao,Jingjing Xie,and Hongfu Zhang.

发布期刊：Animals (Basel). 2021 Feb 27;11(3):630.

本研究旨在探讨日粮中添加胆汁酸能否改善热应激肉鸡的生长性能和脂质代谢。对288羽AA肉鸡进行BW阻断，然后在21日龄时随机分为4个处理。在32°C下肉鸡的泄殖腔温度更高（p=0.01），呼吸频率更快（p<0.001），平均日采食量（p=0.016）、平均日增重（p=0.006）、最终体重（p=.008）和饲料转化率（p=0.0024）大幅降低。在热应激的肉鸡中，死后24小时的胸肌率（p=0.006）和pH值（p=0.065）较低，剪切力较高（p=0.027）。日粮中补充胆汁酸胸肌率有增加趋势（p=0.075），而不影响生长性能和血脂（p>0.05）。补充胆汁酸后，血清总胆汁酸基本不变（p=0.001）。在肝脏中，热应激肉鸡的总胆固醇较低（p=0.046），甘油三酯较高（p=0.04），而SREBP-1c的表达呈增加趋势（p=0.06）。相反，日粮中添加胆汁酸降低了甘油三酯和肝脏SREBP-1c和FAS的表达（p<0.05）。总之，轻度热应激可导致肝脏脂质积聚，但不会对组织造成明显损伤，而胆汁酸对缓解异常脂质代谢有积极作用，表明胆汁酸作为一种营养策略在缓解热应激方面具有一定潜力。

This study aimed to investigate whether dietary bile acid (BA) supplements can improve growth performance and lipid metabolism in heat-stressed broiler chickens. A total of 288 Arbor Acres broilers were blocked by BW and then randomly allocated into 4 treatments at 21 days of age. Birds reared under 32 °C had a higher cloacal temperature (p = 0.01), faster respiratory rate (p < 0.001), and a greatly reduced average daily feed intake (ADFI, p = 0.016), average daily gain (ADG, p = 0.006), final body weight (FBW, p = 0.008), and feed conversion rate (FCR, p = 0.004). In heat stress (HS) birds, the breast muscle rate (p = 0.006) and pH 24 h postmortem (p = 0.065) were lower, and the shear force was higher (p = 0.027). Dietary BA supplements tended to increase the breast muscle rate (p = 0.075) without affecting the growth performance and serum lipids (p > 0.05). Serum total bile acid (TBA) was roughly duplicated after BA supplements (p = 0.001). In the liver, total cholesterol was lower (p = 0.046), and triglycerides were higher (p = 0.04) in the HS birds, whereas the expression of SREBP-1c showed an increasing trend (p = 0.06). In contrast, dietary BA decreased triglycerides and the expressions of hepatic SREBP-1c and FAS in the liver (p < 0.05). In summary, mild HS causes hepatic lipid accumulation without obvious tissue damages, whereas BA has positive effects on relieving abnormal lipid metabolism, indicating that BA as a nutritional strategy has a certain potential in alleviating HS.

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