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不同能量和胆汁酸水平的日粮对肉鸡生长性能和脂质代谢的影响

Effects of diets with different energy and bile acids levels on growth performance and lipid metabolism in broilers

作者：Ge XK, Wang AA, Ying ZX, Zhang LG, Su WP, Cheng K, Feng CC, Zhou YM, Zhang LL, Wang T.

发布期刊：Poultry Science. 2019 Feb 1;98(2):887-895.

本试验旨在评估胆汁酸对饲喂不同能量水平日粮的肉鸡生长性能和脂质代谢的影响。将480只1日龄的AA肉鸡（45.01 ± 0.26g）分为2个能量水平（基础或高能水平）和2个胆汁酸水平（添加或不添加胆汁酸），采用2×2因子设计，共计4个组，每个组有8个重复，试验持续42天。试验结果显示，高能日粮降低了1至21日龄肉鸡的料重比（P < 0.05），并增加了42日龄的肝指数和腹脂率（P < 0.05），42日龄时血清总甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇含量显著增加（P < 0.05），肝脏脂蛋白脂酶活性在21和42日龄时显著降低（P < 0.05）。添加胆汁酸增加了21日龄肉鸡的体重，并在整个养殖间内显著降低了料重比（P < 0.05）。降低了42日龄腹脂率，提高了21、42日龄时胸肌率P < 0.05）从而改善胴体品质。添加胆汁酸组的肉鸡血清中总甘油三酯，在21和42日龄时显著降低（P < 0.05），肝脏脂蛋白脂酶活性在42日龄时显著增加（P < 0.05）。此外，高量日粮显著增加了甾体调节元件结合转录因子1、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶和脂肪酸合酶的表达（P < 0.05），而胆汁酸的补充则显著降低了上述基因的表达（P < 0.05）。另外，日粮中补充胆汁酸还增加了肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶1的表达（P < 0.05），而高能量组中肉毒酸棕榈酰转移酶1的表达也有所增加（P < 0.05）。总之，日粮中补充胆汁酸可以提高高脂日粮肉鸡的生长性能，并改善脂质代谢，提高胴体品质。

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of bile acids (BAs) on the growth performance and lipid metabolism of broilers fed with different energy level diets. 480 one-day-old Arbor Acres broilers (45.01 ± 0.26 g) were allotted to a 2 × 2 factorial design with 2 levels of energy (basal or high-energy level) and 2 levels of BAs (with or without BAs supplementation), resulting in 4 groups of 8 replicates; the experiment lasted 42 d. High-energy diets decreased the feed/gain ratio (F/G) from 1 to 21 d (P < 0.05), and increased the liver index and abdominal fat percentage at 42 d (P < 0.05). The serum total triglyceride (TG) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol at 42 d were increased by high-energy diets (P < 0.05), while the hepatic lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity at 21 and 42 d was decreased (P < 0.05). BAs supplementation increased the body weight at 21 d and decreased the F/G during entire period (P < 0.05), as well as improved the carcass quality reflected by decreased abdominal fat percentage at 42 d and increased breast muscle percentage at 21 and 42 d (P < 0.05). The serum TG at 21 and 42 d were decreased by BAs (P < 0.05), and the hepatic LPL activity at 42 d was increased (P < 0.05). In addition, high-energy diets increased the expression of sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and fatty acid synthase (P < 0.05), while BAs diets decreased these genes expression (P < 0.05). Moreover, BAs supplementation also increased the expression of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (P < 0.05), which was increased in high-energy groups (P < 0.05). In conclusion, BAs supplementation could increase growth performance, elevate carcass quality, and improve lipid metabolism in broilers.

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